Expectancy Violations Theory

Afifi, W. A., & Metts, S. (1998). Characteristics and consequences of expectancy violations in close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 365-392. doi: 10.1177/0265407598153004 

Burgoon, J. K. (1978). A communication model of personal space violations: explication and an initial test. Human Communication Research, 4, 129-142. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1978.tb00603.x 

Burgoon, J. K., & Hale, J. L. (1988). Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and applications to immediacy behaviors. Communication Monographs, 55, 58-79. doi:10.1080/03637758809376158 

Burgoon, J. K., & Walther, J. B. (1990). Nonverbal expectancies and the evaluative consequences of violations. Human Research Communication, 17, 232-265. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1990.tb00232.x